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Philippine eagle
The Philippine eagle (''Pithecophaga jefferyi''), also known as the monkey-eating eagle or great Philippine eagle, is an eagle of the family Accipitridae endemic to forests in the Philippines. It has brown and white-coloured plumage, and a shaggy crest, and generally measures in length and weighs . It is considered the largest of the extant eagles in the world in terms of length and wing surface, with the Steller's sea eagle and the harpy eagle being larger in terms of weight and bulk. Among the rarest and most powerful birds in the world, it has been declared the Philippine national bird.〔Kennedy, R. S., Gonzales, P. C.; Dickinson, E. C.; Miranda, H. C., Jr. and Fisher, T. H. (2000). ''A Guide to the Birds of the Philippines.'' Oxford University Press, New York. ISBN 0-19-854669-6〕 It is critically endangered, mainly due to massive loss of habitat due to deforestation in most of its range. Killing a Philippine eagle is punishable under Philippine law by 12 years in jail and heavy fines.
==Taxonomy==
The first European to discover the species was the English explorer and naturalist John Whitehead in 1896, who observed the bird and whose servant, Juan, collected the first specimen a few weeks later.〔 The skin of the bird was sent to William Robert Ogilvie-Grant in London in 1896, who initially showed it off in a local restaurant and described the species a few weeks later.〔
Upon its discovery, the Philippine eagle was first called the monkey-eating eagle because of reports from natives of Bonga, Samar, where the species was first discovered, that it preyed exclusively on monkeys; from these reports it gained its generic name, from the Greek ''pithecus'' (''πίθηκος'') ("ape or monkey") and ''phagus'' (-''φάγος'') ("eater of"). The specific name commemorates Jeffery Whitehead, the father of John Whitehead.〔 Later studies revealed, however, that the alleged monkey-eating eagle also ate other animals, such as colugos, civets, large snakes, monitor lizards, and even large birds, such as hornbills. This, coupled with the fact that the same name applied to the African crowned eagle and the Central and South American harpy eagle, resulted in a presidential proclamation to change its name to Philippine eagle in 1978, and in 1995 was declared a national emblem. This species has no recognized subspecies.
Apart from Philippine eagle and monkey-eating eagle, it has also been called the great Philippine eagle. It has numerous names in the many Philippine languages, including ''ágila'' ("eagle"), ''háribon'' (from ''haring ibón'', "king bird") and ''banog'' ("kite").〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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